Oops, I must have skipped over that paragraph! Thanks for such a comprehensive answer, it makes total sense to me now. It seems like each time I take another step in learning PHP, the previous step becomes a lot more clear =) So just moving on in the tutorial will probably answer a lot of my questions.
Right now I'm just fooling around with modifying the example and seeing what works and what doesn't. It doesn't all make sense to me WHY some things work and some don't, but sometimes when you learn something new, you just need to take the steps you're told to take without worrying about the "why", and later on, after some experience, it all makes sense. That's true for sock knitting, too